Beginning from the creation of sovereign Ukrainian state, the story of the armed underground within the period of 1930s-1950s in the West-Ukrainian territories has become a major political issue. The public debates on the role of the national resistance movement in modern Ukraine’s history ties in closely with the country’s heavily mythologized and politicized collective cultural memory. The paper focuses on Ukraine’s contemporary, and highly conflictive, memory landscape, paying attention to both the representatives of the Ukrainian underground movement and the politicization and mythicization of the movement’s history. Female destinies usually play a marginal role in both public commemorative culture and historical research, except as an illustration of female heroism and Ukrainian martyrdom. The representations of women’s lives are thus often frozen into predetermined patterns. In this context, women appear generally as icons and their lives as allegories of heroism rather than individual, multi-faceted experiences. To understand precisely those individual life stories and writing the collective biography of the female activists of the Ukrainian underground, it is necessary to analyze the reasons why women joined the ranks of armed resistance. In addition to their participation in a vast range of auxiliary functions (cooking, sowing, the preparation of provisions, care for the wounded, communications and others), Olena examines women’s role on the propaganda front and also armed activities—the one area that has absorbed the brunt of scholarly attention. Women did participate as soldiers, scouts, and members of the security apparatus of the UPA, without necessarily having clear job specifications.