Christopher Campbell-Duruflé, an SJD Candidate at the University of Toronto, presented his research assessing the accountability of the Paris Agreement, and how these interactions influence the treaty Parties. The research highlights three arguments: how greater clarity is needed regarding the notion of state accountability for treaty implementation actions, how a substance-oriented approach to assessing the Paris Agreement is needed, and how a substance-oriented approach points to avenues for further research in international law and international relations. Overall, the research thoroughly argues for greater analytical precision and a higher threshold to assess claims that international treaties may impact state behaviour because they contain accountability mechanisms.